Liquid-fuel-burner head.



E. C. KAHN.

LIQUID FUEL BURNER HEAD. APPLICATION FILED 0cT.27.191s.

1,265,209. Patentd May 7,1918.

M g m g EDWARD (J. KAHN, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

LIeUIn-rUEL-BtiRNEn HEAD.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed October 27, 1916. Serial 1T 0. 128.006,

To all whom it mag concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD C. KAHN, a citizen ofthe United States, and resident of Milwaukee. in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid- Fuel-Burner Heads; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

The present invention is directed to new and useful improvements in liquid fuel burners, particularly of the type disclosed in my co-pending application for patent filed September 7 1915, Ser. No. 49232..

It is primarily the object of this present invention to provide a burner head of the general type shown in my previous patent and including an annular series of burner jets wherein the lateral tendency to expansion upon passage of gas to the jets is neutralized so that there will be no substantial variations in pressure to produce noises and other objectionable conditions and so that the pressure of gas at the upper and lower jets will be similar.

It is another important object of the present invention to so modify the structure of my previous application as to better adapt it for use under extreme and unusual conditions of use.

One specific object in this connection is to provide a particular arrangement ,of mixing mouth and gas discharge nozzle whereby the possibility of ignition at the discharge nozzle due to exposure of the burner to drafts or other conditions tending to carry flame to said nozzle, is practically eliminated, and

further to provide an arrangement whereby such possible ignition could not be maintained in the normal operation of the burner.

Another object is to provide a burner head wherein means is provided to take up sudden variations in pressure at the discharge jets of the. head so that when the burner is operated at relatively high pressure, the variations in pressure will be so modified as to have no tendency to blow the flame from the lower jets of the head.

A still further object resides in the provision of a head structure so formed that ex pansion and contraction of the walls of the burner head due to operation of the burner at various pressures and consequently. at various heats, will be relatively similar so that proper space between said walls may be at all times maintained.

with the With the above and other objects and advantages-in view, the invention resides more particularly in the novel combination, arrangement and formation of parts more particularly hereinafter described and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view through a burner head embodying the present principles of the invention;

Patented May '7, 1918.

Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of one end portion of a burner, with the base shown in section.

Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the improved burner head with portions thereof broken away.

Referrin now more particularly to the accompanymg drawings, 1 designates the perforated bed plate-or burner which carries upstanding legs 3, having their inner top portions notched at 4 to seat the burner head as in my previous application. The usual generator 5 is shown associated with the burner and depending from this generator is the feed pipe 6 having its lower end bent in U-shape to terminate in alinement axis of the burner and carrying at said lower end the discharge nozzle 7, this discharge nozzle including a cylindrical needle bore whereby vapor discharges therefrom in a stream of minimum width and having a minimum divergent.

The improved burner head comprises an inner member 8 of inverted cup shape and having its mouth edge bent outwardly and upwardly to form Wl'llCh seats in the notches 4 of the legs' 3 and which receives the mouth edge of an outer head member 10, which is also of inverted cup shape and which is provided in its peripheral wall with a series of jet openings 11, which are spaced from the top and bottom of said wall. from the inner member 8 is a mixing tube 12 which extends below the said member and which preferably has its lower end slightly flared outwardly, although such flaring is not essential.

The head members 8 and 10 thus form a chamber including a circular body having a depending annular portion at its periphcry and the height of this body portion of the chamber is greater than t e width of the annular portion thereof whereby a free passage of gases from the mixing tube to the jet apertures is assured, it being noted an annular hannel 9- Depending centrally I that the area of the annular mouth of this camber at the mixing tube 12 is approximately equal to the cross sectional area of the tube end so that there is no tendency to choking of the gases at this point. It is further noted that thevolume of the annular body portion of the chamber is equal to the volume of the fiat body portion of the chamber. In accomplishing this proportion of volumes the outer diameter of the %annular chamber portion is substantially six times thediameter of the mixing tube inlet, and the height of said annular portion is substantially equal to twice the diameter of the inlet.

Repeated experiments have demonstrated that these specific proportions above named, particularly with respect to the equal volumes ofthe chamber portions, have distinct functional values in my present device, without which the device would lose many of its advantages of eflicient and noseless operation.

Taking up now the operation of the head member with respect to the proportions specified it is noted that as the gases pass through the annular mouth of the flat portion of the chamber, they will tend to expand due to the successively increasing circumferential areas of passage. The consequent lessening of pressure due to this expanslon is off set by the heating to which the gas is subjected as it passes outwardly toward the annular chamber portion, and enters into said portions. The specific reason for necessitating equal volumes and certain shapes of chamber portions is that such proportions procure a proper re-heating surface, wh ch sruface is primarily the outer jet carrying wall of the annular chamber surface, also the specified volume and shape of the annular portion is necessary to insure the proper pressure.

It is noted that proper pressure is obtained at the upper jet openings partly by reason of the natural velocity of the gases, and that an equal pressure is obtained at the lower jet Openings due to heat-expansion of the gases during their passage downwardly through the necessarily hot annular chamber, these forces being evenly balanced to produce similar pressure at all of the jet openings.

The intermediate jet openings, however,

have slightly less pressure due to decreasin" of such pressure producing forces toward said intermediate jets.

It is desired at this point to pause and point out that exact pressure is a vital feature in the operation of the burner head, as lessening of pressure would tend to permit combustion in the chamber, and increase of pressure would cause an objectionable noisy operation and would further cause the flame to be blown awa from a portion of the chamber. While it may be possible to proprocured. To emphasize the function of these specific proportions it is stated that the principal object desired, and which such proportions obtain, is to provide in a burner head including an .annular series of jets, means whereby the tendency to expansion of gases due to passage through successively increasing circumferential planes is neutralized by reaheating the gases adjacent the jets, the degree of whichreheating is dependent on the relative peripheral et area of the annular chamber and also on the relative volume of the annular chamber whereby sufiicient space is provided for such reheating as the gas passes through the annular chamber and thus tends to lose velocity and pressure by passage of portions thereof through the upper jets.

V The tube 12 is of considerable length and is so proportioned with respect to the nozzle 7 that when gas is discharged therefrom at the highest desired pressure, the periphery of the stream will intersect the wall of the tube so that should any ignition 'occur in the mixing tube, the flame will be carried through the tube and outwardly of the burner, and there will be no possibility of eddying currents of gas within the tube or in the air adj acentthe tube to continue such ignition and to invite further ignition, such as would occur should the stream not inter sect the wall of the tube before reaching the outer head member. The stream of gas is normally effectually protected against ignition by the surrounding annular stream of air which is drawn thereby into the mixing tube and by the arrangement of the tube and nozzle there is no possibility of gas occurring outwardly of the stream of air. The present structure therefore not only provides normally against ignition at the nozzle 7 but further provides for the elimination of possible ignition.

It is noted that the jet openings 11 are spaced inwardly from the top and bottom of the wall, and by this construction there is no direct flow of gas through such openings adjacent the top which under certain condi tioned in such manner that the annular space therebetween will remain substantially constant whereby there is neither a tendency to chokingor a tendency to permit ignition in portions of the head member, as this chamber serves to collect and retain heat given off by the burner, whereby a sufiicient heating of the inner annular portion is provided to correspond with the heating of the outer annular portion. In the structure of my previous invention this chamber opens upwardly and consequently would not retain heated air.

. I claim:

1. A burner head comprising an inner inverted cup shaped member having its mouth edge directed outwardly to form a channel,

an outer inverted cup shaped member having jet apertures in its annular portion and having its mouth ed e seated in said channel and a mixing tu e depending from the inner member.

2. A burner of the character described, comprising an inner member of'inverted cup shape and .having its mouth edge directed outwardly and upwardly to form an annular channel, an outer member of inverted cup shape and having its mouth edge seated in said annular channel, the peripheral wall of the outer member having a series of jet openings therein, said jet openings being spaced from the top and bottom of said peripheral Wall, and an inlet for the chamber provided between the inner and outer members.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State ofWisconsin, in the presence of two witnesses.

EDWARD G. KAHN.

Witnesses:

FRANK S. RATCLIFFE, M. E. DOWNEY. 

